Studies on ground water quality in Ghansawangi Taluka of Maharashtra

Physico - chemical studies of thirty two ground water (17 dug well and 15 bore well) samples from different parts of Ghansawangi town and taluka was carried out during the month of May 2007. The water quality parameters like temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl ), sulphate (SO 4 2), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity (TUB) were studied and out come of the results were discussed. Physico - chemical studies of thirty two ground water (17 dug well and 15 bore well) samples from different parts of Ghansawangi town and taluka was carried out during the month of May 2007. The water quality parameters like temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl ), sulphate (SO4 2), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), sodium (Na + ), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity (TUB) were studied and out come of the results were discussed.

The residents of Ghansawangi town and taluka usually use water from dug well and bore well for drinking and domestic purposes.There is a huge variation in the concentration of different species due to factors like depth, different land, under ground water conditions, rain conditions etc.The present work attempts to evaluate the ground water quality in Ghansawangi taluka of Jalna district for potability.The residents of Ghansawangi town and taluka usually use water from dug well and bore well for drinking and domestic purposes.There is a huge variation in the concentration of different species due to factors like depth, different land, under ground water conditions, rain conditions etc.The present work attempts to evaluate the ground water quality in Ghansawangi taluka of Jalna district for potability.

Material usedMaterial used
In the present study thirty two ground water (17 dug well and 15 bore well) samples were collected from different parts of Ghansawangi town and taluka in brown glass bottles with necessary precautions and preserved as per the recommended procedures¹.In the present study thirty two ground water (17 dug well and 15 bore well) samples were collected from different parts of Ghansawangi town and taluka in brown glass bottles with necessary precautions and preserved as per the recommended procedures¹.
All the chemicals used were of AR grade, glass ware used were of 'A' grade.Double distilled (DD) water was used through out the work to prepare standard solutions².All the chemicals used were of AR grade, glass ware used were of 'A' grade.Double distilled (DD) water was used through out the work to prepare standard solutions.2

METHOD
The water quality parameters (WQPs) considered for the examination in this study are temperature by precision thermometer (1100C

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Thirty two ground water samples were collected from different parts of Ghansawangi town and taluka.The results indicates that the quality of ground water has wide variation which is reflected by the values of electrical conductivity, chloride, sulphate, calcium and magnesium etc. Thirty two ground water samples were collected from different parts of Ghansawangi town and taluka.The results indicates that the quality of ground water has wide variation which is reflected by the values of electrical conductivity, chloride, sulphate, calcium and magnesium etc. pH acts as index to determine the extent of pollution, chemical and biological reactions are directly dependent upon the pH of water system.In the present study pH ranged from 7.01 to 8.00 which lies in the range prescribed by WHO11, electrical conductivity value, in present study ranged from 325  to 1610 mmhos/cm all were found to be well above the permissible limit and are quite unfit for drinking.pH acts as index to determine the extent of pollution, chemical and biological reactions are directly dependent upon the pH of water system.In the present study pH ranged from 7.01 to 8.00 which lies in the range prescribed by WHO11, electrical conductivity value, in present study ranged from 325 to 1610 mmhos/cm all were found to be well above the permissible limit and are quite unfit for drinking.
Drinking water quality is affected by the presence of soluble salts.Total dissolved solids (TDS) is an important parameter in drinking water quality standard.It develops a particular taste to the water and at higher concentration reduces its  Units : All the paramerters are given in ppm excluding pH, EC-µmhos/cm, Temperature-°C and Turbidity NTU potability, plants are also severely affected by higher values of TDS in irrigation water.TDS value of study area ranges 211.20 to 1046.50 ppm.The high TDS level (7500 ppm) will result in the excessive scaling in water distribution system.12Total alkalinity (TA) were found to be in the ranges 110 to 862 ppm.All samples are above the permissible limit prescribed by ICMR13.The higher alkalinity of ground water owing to the presence of bicarbonates and trace amount of carbonate14 and hydroxide saltes15.
Water hardness is traditional measure of the capacity of water to reacts with soap.Hard water causes horrific effects in digestive systems moreover, the possibility of forming calcium oxalate crystals in urinary track has been ascertained.The hardness value of ground water in the present study area ranges from 145.00 to 2800.00 ppm.
Chloride content were found to be ranging from 28.00 to 1740.00 ppm.Chloride in the twelve sites was found to be well above the permissible limit which may be due to the absence of proper Sodium and potassium enters in drinking water from natural geological sources, detergents, domestic, industrial discharges and mining wastes.In the present work, sodium concentration varies from 20 to 249 ppm and potassium concentration varies from 1.70 to 57.00 ppm.Oxygen is dissolved in most waters in varying concentrations.Solubility of oxygen depends on temperature, pressure and salinity of water.It is essential to the life of fish and other aquatic organisms.In the present study dissolved oxygen ranges from 4.8 to 6.00 ppm.Turbidity is an important parameter for characterising water quality.
In the present study turbidity varies from 1.6 to 2.8 NTU.These values are well below the permissible limit, 5 NTU as per WHO.

Table 2 : Studies on Ground Water quality in Ghansawangi Taluka
Units : All the paramerters are given in ppm excluding pH, EC-µmhos/cm, Temperature-°C and Turbidity NTU

Table 5 : Studies on Ground Water quality in Ghansawangi Taluka Water Quality Parameter (WQP) 21 22 23 24 25
Units : All the paramerters are given in ppm excluding pH, EC-µmhos/cm, Temperature-°C and Turbidity NTU

Table 6 : Studies on Ground Water quality in Ghansawangi Taluka
Magnesium is an essential mineral for the living body.High concentration of magnesium causes nausea, muscular weakness and paralysis in human body, when it reaches upto the level of about 400 mg/L.In this area, magnesium concentration ranged from 5.10 to 322.00 ppm.