Current World Environment

Introduction

Soil frequently receive a wide range of contaminants from industrial activities, sewage sludge , disposal , metal processing and energy production and many cases remediations both expensive and intrusive to the ecosystem, phytoremediation is the use of plant’s and plant processes to remove degrade or render harmless hazardous materials present in the soil or groundwater. This emerging technology may offer a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conventional soil cleanup techniques by using the ability of certain tree; shrub and grass species to remove degrade or immobilize harmful chemicals from the soil.

A plant management remediation strategy for Se was developed base upon research from Banuelos and Meek (1990) and other earlier research that showed that certain exotic plants, e.g., Astragalus, stanteya, accumulate high concentration’s of Se when grown on seleneferous soils (Rosenfeld and Beath’1964). In this regard, California researchers developed and demonstrated the phytoremediation of Se under a variety of condition ‘s (Banuelos et al., 2002b; Zayed et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000; Franken Berger and Karlsn, 1995; Lin et al., 2002).

Material and Methods

Soil experiment’s: seeds of Vigna radiate, Phaseolus aconitifolius, Doliphous Biflorus were treated with strong water solution of FeSuc before planting in soil of black earth type and in the same soil, which was previously treated with solution of ZnSo4 (650 mg/kg of soil). Control experiment with and without Feso4 and salt of metals were done in the same condition. Zn, Pb and Cd in plant’s and in soil were measured by ICP-AES method of spectrophotometer AAS-30 (Germany). Sterile experiments: Seeds of inbred lands. (Hybrid of 1) (Vigna radiate, 2) (Phaseolus aconitifolius, 3) Doliphous biflorus were germinated in vessels with sterile sand during 15 days with following collection of root exudates on digestion with Nitric acid. Amino acids of primary leaves exudates was performed on automatic amino acid analyzer AAA-339, CZECH.

Results and Discussion

Optimum concentrations, conditions of pretreatment of seeds by solution FeSuc was experimentally selected and lead to increase an ability to germinate (energy of germination of treated seed was higher). It is very important fact in the case of highly contaminated soils were remediants may not germinate at all is possible to demonstrate the process of plant uptake of metal ions enhanced by application of the growth regulator in soil experiments shown in Table 1.

During growth of seeds of wild grasses in condition of soil experiments described about quantity of amino acid in primary leaves increased in the most of amino acid in primary leaves increased in the most of experiments under influence of FeSuc and metal ions, that depended from a species. It is impossible to study real exudation of amino acid in that experiments due to complexity of a natural soil (presence of microorganisms) that’s why only results were calculated as a quantity of ionized group in the molecule of each amino acids, multiplied on its quantity in percent in mixture, obtained in sterile experiments shown in Table 2.

Table 1: Quantity of metal ions in primary leaves of 1, 2, 3 during growing on contaminated with metal salt with application of FeSuc in % control.

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