<p><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">The Present Study Was Undertaken In Two Villages Tentuli And Talachampei Of Keonjhar District Of Odisha Which Come Under The Central North Plateau Zone. This Zone Is Characterized By Hilly Upland Area With Reduced Moisture Holding Capacity. There forean Attempt Has Been Made To study The Various Soil And Water Conservation Practices On Cost And Return Of Crop Production,To Identify Factors Affecting Yield Of Crops With Different Treatments And To Study The Farmer&rsquo;s Perception Of Conservation Agriculture Production System. For This Study 18 Marginal And 2 Small Farmers Were Selected By Employing Multistage Stratified Random Sampling Method. Five Different Trials Or Treatments Namely T₁ (Traditional Practice), T₂(Conventional Tillage With HYV Maize), T₃(Conventional Tillage With Maize-Cowpea Intercropping), T₄(Minimum Tillage With Maize As Sole Crop), T₅ (Minimum Tillage With Maize Cowpea Intercropping) Were Conducted In The Field. It Was Observed That T₅Gave Highest Net Return (Rs.57352.41/Ha) Followed By T₂(Rs.54426.71/Ha), T₃(Rs.47376.12/Ha), T₁(Rs.46376.09/Ha). The Lowest Income Of Rs.14359.9/Ha Was Observed In Case Of T₁. Fertilizer With Minimum Tillage And Intercropping Influenced Gross Income Positively And Significantly Throughsoil And Water Conservation Practice. High Yielding Variety And Line Sowing Were Two Most Influencing Factorson Crop Production. Most Profitable Treatment According To Farmer&rsquo;s Perception Was T₅. Lack Of Irrigation Facilities Was Important Constraint In Cultivation Practices. Farmers Should Be Trained For Adoption Of Soil And Water Conservation Practices Like Minimum Tillage, Residue Mulching, Inter-Cropping, Crop Rotation, Line Sowing And Use Of HYV Seeds For Sustainable Crop Production.</span></span></p>