Human activity has drastically impacted the earth's ecology, resulting in significant changes in the environment over the ages. Developing countries like India have extensive intervention of life form activities has intensified environmental problems, soil degradation, greenhouse effect, global warming, and ecological imbalance. These difficulties have directly impacted the quality and maintenance of the environment. Research and statistics clearly indicate that if current trends continue, situations would worsen in the near future. Sustainable solutions, such as bioremediation for water pollution and microbial decomposition for crop residue waste, are becoming increasingly important and demand huge exposure in order to minimize the negative effects of human activities and assure sustainable development. Microorganisms play a significant part in carbon as well as other nutrient cycling, and their influence on climate change deserves special consideration. If microorganisms and nutrient cycling are connected, they operate as an effective strategy for addressing many environmental issues like soil degradation, global warming, and ecological imbalance. Thus, this paper aimed to close a research and evaluation gap by analyzing environmental challenges and their long-term growth.